冷板流道结构优化及其钎焊技术

针对航天航空领域中集成电子设备出现的热流密度过高所带来的高效散热技术冷板设计问题与结构制造难题,提出了一种流道设计优化与结构钎焊技术。利用Flotherm热仿真分析软件对导流和结构等进行优化,完成了高效率散热结构设计。同时,对设计的窄流道结构带来的焊接质量问题,进行了钎料和焊接压力参数优化。结果表明:与传统S型流道冷板相比,采用片状导流结构和串并联混合结构的冷板热源温度降低了15℃,并将均温性控制在1.2℃以内。采用控制钎料厚度和工装压力的方法,降低了窄筋流道堵塞和焊接变形趋势。     

基于同步电机电抗参数定义式的仿真计算方法

从同步电机各种稳态和瞬态电抗参数的定义、各种电抗参数与电机内部各绕组和磁路结构之间的电磁关系出发,提出了一种基于电抗参数定义式的仿真计算方法,给出了详细的仿真计算步骤。通过算例与样机实测结果的对比,表明仿真计算结果与实测值非常吻合,从而验证了所提计算方法的有效性和准确性。     

低速大转矩永磁游标电机在发酵罐中的应用

采用秸秆生产丁醇时,为了达到高效率发酵,需要使发酵液中菌体分布均匀,所加物料需要及时搅拌。工业化生产丁醇的发酵罐尺寸较大,搅拌过程对驱动电机的输出转矩要求较高,因此高效率、小体积、低速大转矩的秸秆发酵搅拌电机对工业化发酵生产丁醇意义重大。设计了一种定转子永磁游标电机用于发酵液搅拌,并对电机的槽极数、电磁性能进行了具体的研究。制造样机并采用滞环控制实现了对液态发酵对象的快速响应,且实现了低能耗、高效率的发酵过程。     

高压高速电机通风与散热分析

针对YKS规格的高压高速电机单机容量高、局部温升大等特点,以1台YKS5602 3 000 kW规格的高压高速电机为例,依据电机实际尺寸,建立了电机端部绕组及定转子模型。采用有限元法对流体场与温度场进行了仿真,计算出电机运行时各个通风槽内冷却气体流动情况,并对电机整体进行流固耦合分析,得到高压电机端部绕组及定转子温度场分布。对仿真计算结果分析,并与样机试验数据比较,结果表明:流体场和温度场耦合的方法能够准确地了解YKS电机各个通风槽内的气体流动情况及电机内局部温升分布。     

类X-37B升力体再入飞行通信特性中断研究

针对再入非平衡等离子流场的数值仿真方法及等离子体鞘套对不同波段电磁波传输特性的预测开展研究。首先，利用某工程钝头体飞行器再入实测通信飞行测量数据，初步校验数值仿真等离子体特性和通信特性方法的正确性；其次，在典型弹道下针对升力体再入飞行器开展等离子体鞘套数值仿真，分别给出S波段、Ka波段与K波段电磁波衰减特性，研究指出结合当前国内中继星体制情况采用高频段电磁波Ka波段或K波段中继通信方式是解决通信黑障的技术途径之一；最后，研究了电磁波数衰减受传播方向角和攻角的影响规律。研究结果可为发展解决我国再入飞行器通信黑障的设计方案提供参考。     

Comparison of observed ionospheric vertical TEC over the sea in Indian region with IRI-2016 model

The vertical ionospheric TEC values obtained from GAGAN grid based ionospheric delay correction values over the sea in the Indian equatorial region have been compared with the corresponding values derived from the International Reference Ionosphere model, IRI-2016. The objective of this work is to study the deviation of the vertical TEC derived from the IRI model from ground truths over the sea for different conditions. This will serve the basic intention of assessing the candidature of the IRI model as an alternative ionospheric correction model in navigation receivers in terms of accuracy. We have chosen different solar activity periods, seasons, geomagnetic conditions, locations etc. for our comparison and analysis. The TEC values by the IRI-2016 were compared with the actual measured values for the given conditions and errors were obtained. The measured vertical TEC values at the ionospheric grid points were derived from the GAGAN broadcast ionospheric delay data and used as reference. The IRI model with standard internal functions was used in estimating the TEC at the same ionospheric grid points. The errors in the model derived values are statistically analysed. Broadly, the results show that, for the Indian sector over the sea, the IRI model performs better on quiet days in off equatorial regions, particularly in the northern region. The overall performance degrades for other conditions with the model generally underestimating the true TEC values and most severely in the equatorial region. The performance is worst in this region for the disturbed days of the equinoctial period. The comparison study is also done with the TEC data measured directly by dual frequency GPS receivers. The results were found to be in general agreement with those obtained by comparing the model with GAGAN broadcast data as reference. This study will be useful in considering the IRI-2016 model for real time estimates of TEC as an alternative to the current parametric model in a satellite navigation receiver in absence of other options.     

基于G-M制冷机的大尺寸冷屏设计方法

介绍了基于Gifford-Mcmahon (G-M)制冷机的大尺寸冷屏的设计方法。该低温冷屏配合真空环境模拟室共同使用，为遥感卫星的星载遥感器等部件的红外定标试验提供20K的低温冷背景。该冷屏采用5台G-M制冷机进行制冷，外形尺寸达到1m×1m，是目前国内同类型冷屏中尺寸最大的。详细介绍了冷屏在容器内的安装布置、冷缩时的补偿等结构设计方法、冷屏的表面温度分布以及降温时间等计算分析。成功解决了大尺寸冷屏在低温环境下的冷缩补偿难题，试验结果表明:冷屏主要测点温度为15K，温度均匀性误差为±1K，达到并超过设计要求。      

等离子体助燃下超燃支板燃烧室燃烧特性数值研究

为了将支板喷注器与等离子体射流这两种促进超声速燃烧室燃烧的方式结合起来,设计了一种带有等离子体射流喷孔的支板燃烧室,并在超声速来流的条件下,针对燃料喷注总压、燃料喷注位置、等离子体射流介质、等离子体射流总压对燃烧室燃烧性能的影响进行了三维数值模拟。研究发现:增大燃料的喷注总压,燃烧室的燃烧范围明显增大,燃烧效率呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,在燃料喷注总压为2.0MPa时,燃烧效率达到最大值90.4%;不同的燃料喷注位置对燃烧室的燃烧范围影响较小;等离子体射流介质为O2时,燃烧效率最高,燃烧范围最广;提高等离子体射流的喷注总压,能够提升凹腔剪切层高度,有效促进燃烧,但同时也带来了更高的总压损失。     

复合导引头目标信息融合抗干扰技术研究

复合导引头由微波制导至红外制导的过程中,受干扰条件的影响,有可能出现错误交班。为了提高导引头应对干扰的能力,设计了一种微波/红外目标信息融合抗干扰方法,该方法利用微波与红外目标信息进行关联度检测,对跟踪微波与红外运动的趋势进行在线实时判断,及时做出干扰误交班判定。在进行了干扰误交班的情况下,MATLAB数字仿真结果表明,该算法能够准确有效地给出干扰误交班判断,从而保证了在干扰环境下对目标跟踪的稳定性。     

A modern robust approach to remotely estimate chlorophyll in coastal and inland zones

The chlorophyll concentration of a water body is an important proxy for representing the phytoplankton biomass. Its estimation from multi or hyper-spectral remote sensing data in natural waters is generally achieved by using (i) the waveband ratioing in two or more bands in the blue-green or (ii) by using a combination of the radiance peak position and magnitude in the red-near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. The blue-green ratio algorithms have been extensively used with satellite ocean color data to investigate chlorophyll distributions in open ocean and clear waters and the application of red-NIR algorithms is often restricted to turbid productive water bodies. These issues present the greatest obstacles to our ability to formulate a modern robust method suitable for quantitative assessments of the chlorophyll concentration in a diverse range of water types. The present study is focused to investigate the normalized water-leaving radiance spectra in the visible and NIR region and propose a robust algorithm (Generalized ABI, GABI algorithm) for chlorophyll concentration retrieval based on Algal Bloom index (ABI) which separates phytoplankton signals from other constituents in the water column. The GABI algorithm is validated using independent in-situ data from various regional to global waters and its performance is further evaluated by comparison with the blue-green waveband ratios and red-NIR algorithms. The results revealed that GABI yields significantly more accurate chlorophyll concentrations (with uncertainties less than 13.5%) and remains more stable in different waters types when compared with the blue-green waveband ratios and red-NIR algorithms. The performance of GABI is further demonstrated using HICO images from nearshore turbid productive waters and MERIS and MODIS-Aqua images from coastal and offshore waters of the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and East China Sea.